Which physiological outcome is likely to result from chronic stress over a prolonged period?

Chronic stress can have significant effects on the body, one of which is inflammation, particularly within the circulatory system. When an individual experiences prolonged stress, the body enters a state of heightened arousal, leading to the release of stress hormones like cortisol. Over time, elevated levels of these hormones can result in an inflammatory response. This inflammation can impact cardiovascular health, potentially contributing to conditions such as hypertension, atherosclerosis, or other cardiovascular diseases.

The other options do not align with the physiological effects of prolonged stress. Increased energy levels may be a short-term response to acute stress, but chronic stress typically leads to fatigue and exhaustion. Improved immune function is counterintuitive, as chronic stress generally suppresses the immune response, making the individual more susceptible to illnesses. Enhanced mental clarity is also unlikely, as chronic stress can impair cognitive functions and affect memory and attention.